PHC I - Related Learning Experience Study Guide (for incoming 2nd year AHSE students)

The following questions serve as a guide in preparing yourself for the Related Learning Experience (RLE). Answer them as completely as you can in a Cluster notebook (any standard size notebook 152x216mm) in your OWN HANDWRITING. Use your textbook for PHC I, Fundamentals of Nursing – 8th Edition by Kozier and Erb's as your reference.

Bring your notebook with the answers to the guide questions on your first RLE day and submit to your clinical instructor. Related Learning Experience will start on June 23, 2008. You may accomplish guide questions from Handwashing to Vital Signs first. Kindly read on Social Graces as well (you may use any GMRC book for this). Research on the following topics: Phone Etiquette, Proper Behavior in Public Places (e.g. behavior in school, elevator, public transport, places of worship ) . 

DON'T FORGET TO BRING COLORED PENCILS AND BOND PAPER FOR YOUR FIRST RLE ACTIVITY (1st RLE DAY)!!!

It is our fervent hope that this learning exercise will assist you to acquire the competencies expected at the end of the semester.

GUIDE QUESTIONS ON....

HAND WASHING

1. What is the definition of hand hygiene according to CDC (Center for Diseases Control 2002) ?

2. Discuss the two types of bacteria found in the skin and how they affect the transmission of infection.

3. How can cleansing agents reduce the incidence of bacterial transmission?

4. What are the recommended techniques if the hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with blood and other body fluids?

5. What are the recommended guidelines for hand washing when a client uses jewelry, nail polish and has long nails?

6. How do you differentiate bacterial control via sterilization and disinfection?

7. Discuss the CDC's recommended practices for Standard and Transmission based precautions.

8. Discuss the steps in Hand Washing including the rationale for each step.

9. Why is hand washing considered a universal precaution?

VITAL SIGNS

Body Temperature

1. What is the normal range of body temperature of adults?

2. When is temperature considered

a. hypothermic

b. hyperthermic

3. What factors affect body temperature? How do these factors affect body temperature?

4. What are the effect of increased body temperature?

5. What are the effects of decreased body temperature?

6. What is the thermoregulation center of the body?

7. In what part of the brain is the temperature interpreted?

8. At what time of the day is temperature highest?

9. At what time of the day is temperature lowest?

10. What are the two types of body temperature?

11. In what parts of the body can we assess

a. surface temperature

b. core temperature

12. What is the formula for converting the following:

a. from °Celsius to °Fahrenheit

b. from °Fahrenheit to °Celsius

13. What are the normal temperature values according to site of assessment?

14. How long should the thermometer be kept in each site?

Respiratory Rate

1. Define the follwing:

a. Pulmonary Ventilation

b. Inspiration

c. Expiration

d. External Respiration

e. Internal Respiration

f. Apnea

g. Dyspnea

h. Orthopnea

2. Discuss the factors affecting respiration?

3. What are the characteristics of a eupnic respiration?

4. What is Tachypnea? What causes Tachypnea?

5. What is Bradypnea? What causes Bradypnea?

6. Draw the patterns of respiration.

(e.g. Normal, Tachypnea, Bradypnea, Hyperventilation, Cheyne-Stokes respiration and Biot's respiration)

7. What are the steps in assessing the respiratory rate?

Pulse Rate

1. What is Pulse Rate?

2. How is pulse rate determined or obtained?

3. What are the different sites for taking the pulse rate? Be able to locate them in your body.

4. What is pulse deficit?

5. What are the factors that affect pulse rate? How do these factors affect pulse rate?

6. Define terminologies related to Pulse Rate (e.g. Tachycardia, Bradycardia, etc)

7. Describe the characteristics of a normal pulse rate?

8. What is the normal range of the pulse rate for the different age groups?

Blood Pressure

1. Define blood pressure.

2. Draw / illustrate and label the parts of the equipments used in blood pressure taking and describe the functions of the equipments and its parts.

3. What are the different factors that affect a person’s blood pressure? Explain how each factor affects blood pressure.

4. Describe the Korotkoff sound.

5. Explain the proper procedure in BP taking.

6. Identify the normal blood pressure according to the different age groups.

7. What are the common errors in blood pressure taking?

BEDMAKING

1. Differentiate open bed and close bed.

2. Enumerate the materials used in bed making.

3. Give the importance of mitering.

4. What is the best time for changing linen? Explain why?

5. Enumerate the chronological steps in making a close bed.

6. Enumerate the chronological steps in making an open bed.

7. Enumerate the different infection control measures when making a patient's bed.

8. Define proper body mechanics and explain its purpose.

9. Enumerate the principles used in body mechanics.

10. Describe the different ways on how could body mechanics be properly done.

11. Enumerate the different ways on how to reduce injury to the health care provider while doing bed making.

12. Enumerate the different ways on how to maintain client's comfort.

TURNING

1. What are the principles observed in turning patients?

2. What are injury preventive measures that we should remember in turning?

3. What are complications of prolonged immobility?

4. What are the principles of body mechanics observed in turning?

5. What is the most important consideration in turning the client in bed?

6. When turning a client, where should be the level of the bed / mattress?

7. When going to the other side of the bed, what should the health care provider do?

8. When turning a client in bed, what technique should the health care provider use to protect the client’s spine?

9. When turning a client in bed from supine to right lateral, where should the health care provider stay?

MASSAGE

1. What are the different types of massage? How do they differ?

2. What are the special considerations in rendering massage?

3. What benefits does the client get from a massage?

4. What are the three most important considerations in performing a massage?

5. In doing a massage of upper (or lower) extremities, what direction and stroke should a health care provider use? Why?

6. When performing a massage to a client, what is the rationale for stroking the body parts towards the direction of the heart?

7. What are the techniques in massage that do not only promote comfort, but also help in loosening secretions for clients with pulmonary problems?

BED SHAMPOO

1. What is bed shampoo and its puspose/s?

2. What are the special considerations needed in performing bed shampoo?

3. What items/ equipment should a health care provider prepare before doing the bed shampoo?

4. Enumerate the steps in performing bed shampoo. Give the rationale behind these every procedure.

BED BATH

1. What is Bed Bath?

2. What factor/s should be considered in giving bed bath?

3. What are the purposes of bathing?

4. What are the materials / equipment to be prepared when performing bed bath?

5. How can we assure the safety of our clients during bed bath?

6. What are the measures/ considerations to be implemented on actively participating bedridden clients receiving bed bath?

7. What is the rationale for bringing all the necessary equipment on the client's bedside at the start of the procedure?

8. What is the rationale for discussing the procedure with the client before starting it?

9. Why do we need to offer bedpan or urinal to the client before starting bed bath?

10. What is the rationale for moving the client nearest to the health care provider before starting the procedure?

11. What is the temperature range of the water considered comfortably warm for the client?

12. What option can we provide for shorter health care provider / nurse or those prone to back strain when doing bed bath?

13. What is/ are the type/s of stroke/s to be used when doing bed bath? Why should we use these type/s?

HOT AND COLD APPLICATIONS

1. What are the different ways of applying heat or cold to specific body parts?

2. Discuss the effects of applying heat and applying cold.

3. Discuss the procedure of heat/cold applications.

4. List special considerations involved in the process, ( e.g.- length of application)

HYGIENIC MEASURES

Perineal Care

1. What is perineal care?

2. Give the importance of perineal care.

3. Enumerate the guidelines/considerations in performing perineal care.

4. Describe the procedure/method in providing perineal care- male & female.

5. Enumerate the materials needed for perineal care.

Oral Care

1. Give the importance of oral hygiene.

2. Identify the clients who be provided with oral care.

3. Describe the procedure/method in providing oral care both for dependent and independent client.

4. Enumerate the materials needed for oral care.

Eye Care

1. Give the importance of eye care.

2. Identify the clients who should be provided with eye care.

3. Describe the procedure/method in providing eye care for clients with:

a. eye glasses

b. contact lens

c. artificial eye

4. State the rationale behind ‘cleaning the eyes from inner canthus to outer canthus’.

5. In caring for client with contact lens, can you instruct the client to use the lens interchangeably? Justify your answer.

Ear Care

1. Give the importance of ear care.

2. Enumerate the “do’s and don’t’s” in providing ear care.

3. Discuss the steps in providing ear care both for clients with and without hearing aids.

4. List the materials needed for ear care.

Nose Care

1. Give the importance of nose care.

2. Enumerate the “do’s and don’t’s” in providing nose care.

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